The area of the paper life cycle that uses the largest amount of renewable energy is the pulp production. Pdf lca of paper and pulp industry ilan zugman academia. Reference bag is a low density polyethylene ldpe bag, while long life polypropylene pp and a bag from. This source is an academic journal that gives the life cycle of newspapers in detail. At this point in the cycle, papers future lies in consumers our. Life cycle analysis study taking a closer look at paper. The most significant lifecycle impacts for printing and writing papers results from the production of the paper and disposal of used paper at the endoflife. This paper presents the first analysis of the life course outcomes through late midlife around age 55 for the participants of the iconic perry preschool project, an experimental highquality preschool program for disadvantaged africanamerican children in the 1960s. The environmental impacts of paper production are largely driven by the use of fossil fuels in the pulp and paper manufacturing process.
Life cycle assessment of drinking water systems 09lq104 preface. Life cycle assessment of printing and writing paper produced in portugal article pdf available in the international journal of life cycle assessment 127. Life cycle assessment of co ee production ben salinas december 18, 2008 abstract a life cycle assessment was performed of green co ee production at finca vista hermosa, a sustainable minded farm in guatemala. Life cycle analysis and sustainability report levi strauss. A graph showing the results of the inventory analysis g german market, p portuguese market. A case study looking into multiple coffee types is included.
In the context of recycling, it helps to determine if waste reduction, recycle, resource recovery or disposal is the best practicable environmental option. Pdf life cycle assessment of printing and writing paper. Lifecycle assessment for paper products wood in our future. Framework for a life cycle assessment of paper in the mail. The corrugated industry has completed a comparative life cycle assessment lca study to bring a scientifically robust and transparent environmental assessment of corrugated containers and reusable plastic containers rpc to the produce industry and the public. As corporations seek to improve their environmental performance, they require new methods and tools. Lifecycle assessment lca also called lifecycle analysis is a tool for examining the total environmental impact of a product through every step of its life from obtaining raw materials all the way through making it in a factory, selling it in a store, using it in the workplace or at home, and disposing of it. I used life cycle assessment lca methodology to quantitatively compare the environmental impact of compostable and reusable takeout clamshells. Pdf life cycle assessment of printing and writing paper produced. Analysts are also interested in forecasting future materialsenergy fluxes on regional and. Analysis is for one pair of pants worn by the average american consumer over the typical product lifetime. Pdf life cycle analysis of wind turbine semantic scholar. Life cycle assessment of stone paper, polypropylene film, and.
Life cycle analysis of battery using simapro software for lca is presented in this document. A life cycle analysis involves making detailed measurements during the manufacturing of the product, from the mining of the raw materials used in its production and distribution, its use, possible reuse or recycling, and its eventual disposal. Recent key publications center for the economics of human. Life cycle analysis of paper production environmental. The report that follows is a life cycle assessment lca of three types of. Life cycle analysis of battery life cycle assessment. The study boundary is limited with raw materials raw. In most everyday scenarios, a paper cup has the lowest carbon footprint and is always a hygienic choice. Life cycle assessment lca is a comprehensive environmental accounting tool.
Like some recent energy and greenhouse studies, lca attempts to quantify or describe the environmental or energy burden of a product, process, or activityfrom the extraction of raw. Lcc was originally developed as a formal analysis tool by the us department of defense. Life cycle analysis of battery free download as powerpoint presentation. Lca analysis to compare paperbased pbc and digital business card dbc systems in terms of their environmental impacts and energy utilization based on a. Pdf life cycle analysis of tissue paper manufacturing. The united states produces 25% of the worlds wood output, and wood supports a major. Life cycle assessment of coffee fort collins, colorado. Life cycle assessment of paper production from treated wood. Life cycle assessment an overview sciencedirect topics. Life cycle assessment is a cradletograve or cradletocradle analysis technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a products life, which is from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, and use.
An example of how the main stages of the life cycles of printed and electronic. Life cycle assessment lca of reusable and singleuse coffee cups ceramic mug. Life cycle analysis study taking a closer look at paper cups for coffee taking a closer look at paper cups for coffee key findings like all food packaging, the carbon footprint of a paper cup is small compared to the food itself. The main goal of this study was to assess the potential environmental impacts associated with the entire life cycle of the printing and writing paper produced in portugal from eucalyptus globulus pulp and consumed in germany, in order to identify the. Handwashing involves more of an individuals time while the dishwasher may take more total time to clean the dishes. Bottle water, tap water, and homeoffice delivery water.
The analysis of these results, generated using the ecoindicator 99 lca tool, showed that the majority of the impact in production of co. First, an inventory of existing life cycle analyses of alternative fibers for paper was prepared and studies were either retained for further analysis, or dismissed if the background information and data quality were low. The development of cleaner and efficient energy technologies and the use of new and renewable energy sources will play an important role in the sustainable development of a future energy strategy. Life cycle assessment of deinked and virgin pulp final. The study performed was a cradletograve, comparative lifecycle assessment, or lca. The life cycle consists of the technical system of processes and transport routes used at, or needed for, raw materials extraction, production. After the paper is purchased and used, most of it ends up in the recycling bin americans are pretty responsible when it comes to recycling paper. Life cycle assessment of printing and writing paper. A life cycle assessment of the production of a daily newspaper and a weekly magazine. Recent key publications center for the economics of. A life cycle analysis is used to assess paper production from tree to product, and also assess the environmental impacts to prove that the continued use of wood products as an input is environmentally unsustainable. This study was commissioned by the environment agency and assesses the life cycle environmental impacts of the production, use and disposal of different carrier bags for the uk in 2006.
The fu is the functional unit, which in this study is 1 tonne of paper dias et al. Lifecycle assessment lca is a comprehensive environmental accounting tool with well established procedures and methods that are governed by specific. Introduction to life cycle assessment 9 1 introduction to life cycle assessment this section of the handbook introduces the concept of life cycle assessment lca. Lca is a cradle to grave approach for assessing the ecological impacts of a product scientific applications international corporation 2006. Life cycle interpretation is one of the four phases identified in the iso 14040 and the iso 14044 standards iso 2006a,b. This paper traces the development of life cycle costing lcc technique in united states and classifies documented lcc literature by both model type and application. The determination of life cycle costs of alternative pavement types is an important part of a rational means for decision making.
Note on life cycle analysis university of michigan. Life cycle assessment lca is the calculation and evaluation of the environmentally relevant inputs and outputs and the potential environmental impacts of the life cycle of a product, material or service sabs iso, 1998. Environmental protection agency is charged by congress with protecting the. This document may be used by either students or faculty for background information. I was able to get a thorough background on the entire process of how newspapers are manufactured compared to other sources i have researched. An appropriate and nonbiased method for life cycle cost analysis is articulated by the federal highway administration fhwa in demonstration project no. Conducting a life cycle assessment lca there are four main phases of the lca process. Note on life cycle analysis prepared by susan svoboda, manager of the university of michigan corporate environmental management program cemp. Life cycle assessment lca of reusable and singleuse coffee.
The study performed was a cradletograve, comparative life cycle assessment, or lca. Life cycle assessment lca of reusable and singleuse. Lca wte paper comparative lifecycle assessment of precast. Goals and scoping3 the scoping step determines which processes will be included, which environmental concerns will be included, what economic or social good is provided by the goods or services in question, resolves any technical issues and. Association of canada fpac initiated a lifecycle assessment lca to evaluate. Read chapter lifecycle assessment for paper products. Life cycle analysis study taking a closer look at paper cups. This is largely because of its lower material and energy requirements in the entire life cycle. This paper examines the environmental impacts association primarily with coffee production, but also use and disposal.
Life cycle analysis of tissue paper manufacturing from virgin pulp or recycled waste paper article pdf available september 2015 with 14,487 reads how we measure reads. A twostage comparative life cycle assessment of paper. Pdf life cycle analysis of tissue paper manufacturing from. Comparison of handwashing and dishwasher machines abstract washing dishes by hand or using the dishwasher is a choice that modern households often make. Life cycle analysis an overview sciencedirect topics.
The analysis based on endpoint impact categories proved that the production process based on waste paper is more environmentally friendly than the one based on virgin pulp in all impact categories. Life cycle impacts of plastic packaging compared to substitutes in the united states and canada theoretical substitution analysis prepared for the plastics division of the american chemistry council acc by franklin associates, a division of eastern research group erg april 2018. Life cycle analysis lca is a method for quantifying the environmental impact of an industrial process or product. Life cycle cost analysis lcca is a datadriven tool that provides a detailed account of the total costs of a project over its expected. Life cycle assessment is the method being used in this study because it provides a systems approach to examining environmental factors. Life cycle assessment of example packaging systems for milk 2 life cycle stages considered the study assesses the potential environmental impacts for the full life cycle of each milk packaging system, also often called a cradle to grave approach. Lifecycle assessment lca also called life cycle analysis is a tool for examining the total environmental impact of a product through every step of its life from obtaining raw materials all the way through making it in a factory, selling it in a store, using it in the workplace or at home, and disposing of it. This means that the milk container systems were assessed from raw. The environmental defense fund edf, in conjunction with a group of major u.
Pdf goal, scope and backgroundthe environmental sustainability is one of the current priorities of the portuguese pulp and paper industry. Life cycle assessment of recovered and virgin pulp final 1 1 introduction 1. Lifecycle assessment lca also called lifecycle analysis is a tool. An lca is a comprehensive method used to assess and quantify the environmental impact of a product or process over its entire life cycle.
The wood, pulp and paper industry environmental flows and impacts. The promotion of renewable sources of energy and the development of cleaner and more efficient energy systems are a high priority, for security and diversification of energy supply, environmental. Life cycle assessment lca is the calculation and evaluation of the environmentally relevant inputs and outputs and the potential environmental impacts of the life cycle of a product, material or service. Plastic is a substance of infinite shapes, of infinite uses, of infinite possibilities, but also of infinite time.
Life cycle analysis is the tool by which a products impact on the environment through its lifetime is evaluated. These include virgin fibers from rapidly renewable sources, including hemp, flax, arundo donax, bamboo, kenaf, elephant grass, and also. Guide for interpreting life cycle assessment result. A life cycle assessment lca enables your organization to analyze the entire life cycle of your products or services with regard to their environmental, social and financial impacts and to display these analyses in a transparent way.
Making a plastic bottle is not the problem, making a plastic bottle with no or minimal damage to the environment is. A white paper 2 executive summary in most industries worldwide, including the forest products sector, there is an increasing focus on the environmental, social and economic sustainability credentials of companies and products. In fact, according to the iso standard interpretation of life cycle inventory lci or life cycle impact assessment lcia. This life cycle assessment analyzed the life cycle of three materials. Comparative life cycle assessment corrugated packaging. Life cycle analysis and sustainability report levi. Functionalunit,systemboundary,systemflowdiagramandmethod. A comparative life cycle assessment of compostable and. Life cycle stages that had minimal contribution to impact include. Paper bags are made from trees, which are a renewable resource. Lifecycle assessment for paper products wood in our. This paper presents the initial life cycle assessment lca study on wood waste used for paper production. Developing the goal and scope of a life cycle analysis compare the life cycle environmental impacts of determine the basis of comparison the functional unit paper vs plastic bags electric vs gasoline vehicles fossil fuel electricity generation vs wind paper vs plastic.
In this paper a life cycle assessment study of three types of grocery bags is presented. Pdf the importance of life cycle analysis darrylmaes. Life cycle assessment of tissue products final report december 2007 prepared by jacob madsen this report has been prepared by environmental resources management the trading name of environmental resources management limited, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating our. Communities now must make complex decisions requiring an analysis of both cost. In 2008, approximately 10 billion lightweight carrier bags were given away in the uk which equates to around 10 bags a week per household defra 2009. Videos 2, 3 and 4 of the gabi paper clip video tutorial series accompany it. The vice provost for land and buildings convened a team of staff from departments within land and buildings, along. There are many important aspects of the life cycle and ripple effects of the production of levi strauss denim jeans that will be discussed, focusing on the effects of resource extraction, production, shipping, packaging, and. Pdf life cycle analysis of the plastic bottlepet moro. Life cycle assessment of stone paper, polypropylene film.
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